Why?
Photographic images are present in everyday life as a medium of social interaction, commentary or art expression. Exploring photographs in education promotes visual literacy, which consists of the ability to read, write and create meaning using visual images. It also allows a progressively deeper analysis in various fields and levels of study.
How?
I. Introduce best practices to observe photographs through the following strategies:
1. Formal analysis
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Composition (arrangement of elements within the frame. Consider the use of lines, shapes, balance, and focal points.
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Lighting: analyze the quality of light (natural vs. artificial, soft vs. harsh) and its impact on the photograph’s mood and texture.
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Color: Note the use of color or absence (black and white). Consider how color influences the emotional and visual impact.
2. Contextual Analysis:
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Historical: Understand when the photograph was taken and its relevance to historical events or movements.
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Biographical: To gain insight, research the photographer’s background, influences, and other works.
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Cultural: consider cultural, social and political factors that may have influenced the photograph.
3. Semiotic Analysis:
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Symbolism: identify and interpret symbols within the photograph. Explore both evident and subtle elements that convey meanings.
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Iconography: Study the imagery and themes the photograph represents and their significance.
4. Technical Analysis:
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Exposure: Evaluate the exposure settings (aperture, shutter speed) and their effect on the image.
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Focus and Depth of Field: Assess how focus and depth of field contribute to the photograph’s visual storytelling.
5. Critical Perspectives: analyze the representation of different topics within the photograph. Consider the influence of specific issues in the representation.
II. Outline some basic techniques for reading photographs:
1. Slow Looking: spend time observing the photograph without preconceived notions. Pay attention to all details, apparent or not.
2. Descriptive Analysis: focus on objective observations before moving on to interpretations.
3. Personal Reflection: Reflect on personal reactions and emotions the photograph elicits.
4. Comparative Analysis: Compare the photograph with others by the same artist or genre to identify common themes and styles.
5. Dialogue and Discussion: Engage with others in discussions to enrich understanding and reveal new insights.
Example
I used photographic exploration to explain the multiple facts that define the Spanish Civil War. I chose photographs that were part of a photojournalism collection from the 1930-1939. Each student had a topic, aspect or characteristic from the Spanish Civil War that they needed to explain through the photograph they chose from the collection. For example, the two sides in the war, its impact, the international support and more. The focus was to analyze the form (basic observation techniques) to justify the content.
Other ideas:
- Self-portraiture and the use of photography to explore identity.
-Explore relationships between photography and other arts.
Resources
I include extra resources (also available on the library site)